HUBUNGAN DEFISIENSI NUTRISI DENGAN PERKEMBANGAN SOSIAL EMOSIONAL ANAK USIA 3–5 TAHUN TAHUN 2025
Keywords:
Early childhood, Nutritional deficiency Social and emotionalAbstract
According to data from the 2024 Indonesian Nutritional Status Survey (SSGI), the prevalence of stunting in DKI Jakarta remains relatively high at 18.2%, while anemia among toddlers reaches 22.7%. These findings indicate that micronutrient deficiencies continue to pose a significant threat to children’s overall growth and developmental outcomes, including their social and emotional well-being. This study aimed to analyze the impact of nutritional deficiencies on the social and emotional development of children aged 3–5 years at TPQ Al Ikhlas Risal Sanan, East Jakarta. The study employed a descriptive quantitative design using a cross-sectional approach. Participants included children aged 3–5 years and their parents. Research instruments consisted of the NutricheQ questionnaire for screening nutritional deficiency risk and the Emotional Behavior Problems Questionnaire (KMPE) for children aged 36–60 months. Data were analyzed descriptively and correlationally using the Spearman test. The results demonstrated a significant relationship between nutritional status and children’s social-emotional development (p = 0.010). Children with poor nutritional status were more likely to exhibit abnormal emotional behavior, whereas those with good nutritional status generally demonstrated normal emotional behavior. These findings highlight the importance of adequate nutrition in supporting optimal social and emotional development during early childhood.
References
Alanazi, M., Altawili, M. A., Khayyal, A. I., Alahmari, A. S., Alhakami, A. A., & Alshehri, A. M. A. (2024). Impact of early nutrition interventions on the growth and development of preterm infants: A narrative review. Cureus, 16(2), e54888.
Cinantya, C., & Suriansyah, A. (2025). From Golden Age to Golden Generation: Leadership in Early Childhood Character Education. Journal of Cultural Analysis and Social Change, 1264–1272.
England-Mason, G., Andrews, K., Atkinson, L., & Gonzalez, A. (2023). Emotion socialization parenting interventions targeting emotional competence in young children: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clinical Psychology Review, 100, 102252.
Hammersley, M. L., Buchanan, L., Xu, H., & Wen, L. M. (2022). Early childhood dietary intake and subsequent socioemotional and cognitive school readiness among Australian children. Health Education & Behavior, 49(5), 861–870.
Kanellopoulos, A. K., Costello, S., Mainardi, F., Koshibu, K., Deoni, S., & Schneider, N. (2023). Dynamic interplay between social brain development and nutrient intake in young children. Nutrients, 15(17), 3754.
Kemenkes RI. (2023). Buku Saku Hasil Survei Status Gizi Indonesia (SSGI) Tahun 2022. https://repository.badankebijakan.kemkes.go.id/id/eprint/4855/3/Buku Saku SSGI 2022 rev 270123 OK.pdf
Kemenkes RI. (2025). Indonesian Nutritional Status Survey (SSGI) 2024. Kementerian Kesehatan RI. https://www.badankebijakan.kemkes.go.id/en/survei-status-gizi-indonesia-ssgi-2024/
Marinho, A. R., Correia, D., Bernard, J. Y., Heude, B., Lopes, C., & de Lauzon-Guillain, B. (2023). Macronutrient intake during infancy and neurodevelopment in preschool children from the EDEN mother–child cohort. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 77(6), 668.
McTaggart, V., McGill, R., & Stephens, S. (2022). Gender differences in the development of children’s social and emotional competencies during the pre-school year. Early Child Development and Care, 192(12), 1952–1966.
Prado, E. L., Adu-Afarwuah, S., Arnold, C. D., Adjetey, E., Amponsah, B., Bentil, H., Dewey, K. G., Guyer, A. E., Manu, A., & Mensah, M. (2023). Prenatal and postnatal small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplements and children’s social–emotional difficulties at ages 9–11 y in Ghana: follow-up of a randomized controlled trial. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 118(2), 433–442.
Silveira, R. C., Corso, A. L., & Procianoy, R. S. (2023). The influence of early nutrition on neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants. Nutrients, 15(21), 4644.
Unicef. (2020). Situasi Anak di Indonesia-Tren, Peluang, dan Tantangan dalam Memenuhi Hak-hak Anak. Unicef, 8–38. Retrieved from file. C:/Users/User/Documents/Skripsi Kak Putri/Situasi-Anak-Di-Indonesia-2020. Pdf.
UNICEF, WHO, & World Bank. (2020). Levels and trends in child malnutrition: Key findings of the 2020 Edition of the Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates. Geneva: WHO, 24(2), 1–16.
Weigel, M. M., & Armijos, R. X. (2023). Association of household food insecurity with developmental delay in preschool children: 2018 Ecuadorian Nutrition and Health National Survey. Journal of Nutritional Science, 12, e89.
WHO. (2023). Infant and Young Child Feeding. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/infant-and-young-child-feeding
