KEKERASAN DAN EKSPLOITASI ANAK DI DUNIA DIGITAL : TINJAUAN SISTEMATIK TERHADAP DAMPAK KESEHATAN DAN PERSPEKTIF FORENSIK
Keywords:
Digital Violence Child Exploitation Mental Health Forensic NursingAbstract
The global digital transformation has shifted the paradigm of children's social interactions and created new spaces for technology-based violence and exploitation. This phenomenon, often referred to as a “hidden pandemic,” covers a spectrum of violations ranging from cyberbullying to online child sexual exploitation and abuse (OCSEA). Despite its significant increase in prevalence, the response of health systems and forensic frameworks to digital trauma still requires strengthening and standardization. This systematic review aims to evaluate the prevalence and forms of digital violence against children under 18 years of age, identify the resulting physical and mental health impacts, and analyze the role of forensic nursing in managing digital evidence and victim recovery. The study used a systematic review approach based on the 2020 PRISMA guidelines. Literature searches were conducted on PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar for empirical studies published between 2010 and 2025. Methodological quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Tools. A total of 123 studies that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed through narrative synthesis. More than 300 million children globally are estimated to be victims of online sexual exploitation each year. The mental health impacts include severe anxiety, depression, self-harming behavior, and post-traumatic stress disorder, which are exacerbated by the permanence of traces
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